"While it is unrealistic to expect advanced economy policymakers to internalise fully spillovers from their actions on emerging markets, given their domestic mandates, (their) monetary policies will increasingly need to take account of spillbacks," he said.

The United States only accounted for 15% of global economic output, but the U.S. dollar was used in more than half of international trade, and the dollar was used as a monetary anchor for countries amounting to 70% of global output, he said.

"This means developments in the U.S. have disproportionate influence on global economic and financial conditions," he told bankers at the Institute of International Finance, which is holding a meeting in Tokyo.

"When the Fed responds to domestic developments, such as a loosening in fiscal policy, global financial conditions and activity react strongly. This was the case during both the 2013 'taper tantrum' and over the past year, as Fed communications significantly shifted expectations for U.S. monetary policy."

Last month Carney said financial markets had priced in too little chance of further BoE interest rate rises, assuming Brexit goes smoothly.

Since then, increased U.S.-China trade tensions and continued Brexit uncertainty mean markets now think the Bank of England is more likely to have to cut rates over the next year than to raise them.

Emerging markets should preserve central bank independence, avoid excessive lending growth and reduce their reliance on foreign-denominated debt to prepare for any future downturn, Carney added.

"Fiscal space will need to be used carefully given ongoing structural imperatives, the rising risks of global shocks, and the clear limits of monetary policy," he said.